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Range, power, battery: how does an electric car work?

How an electric car works

How does an electric car work? Changing your car is a complicated process: which model should you choose? Should youbuy or lease? But if, on top of that, you decide to switch to an electric car, it becomes a real headache.

Normally, you start by identifying a model, looking at all the tests on the Internet, comparing prices everywhere and praying you come across a good deal. It's normal, you want to make the right choice.

When choosing an electric car, we take the previous steps and add to them a vocabulary that is sometimes unfamiliar, and new questions: What is the car's range? Which battery should I choose? What impact will this have on my journeys? How much will recharging cost? How does the weather affect the range of my electric car? How much will my future electric car cost me?

We often talk about battery recharging and autonomy, and this can seem rather confusing if, like many people, you didn't pay much attention during physics and chemistry lessons when you were studying. So how about a refresher course in the basics?

In this article, we'll take a look at some of the terms you'll need to understand if you want to buy an electric vehicle with peace of mind, and make the best choice for your needs.

Table of contents

1ʳᵉ step: Vehicle power - kW

For a combustion-powered car, you'll be interested in the engine's power. This is expressed in horsepower (hp). Depending on your use, you'll opt for a vehicle with more or less power. If you make most of your journeys on freeways, you'll prefer a higher horsepower to a car used exclusively for city driving.

Good news! For electric cars, the principle is the same. Electric motor power is expressed in kilowatts (kW), with 1 kW = 1000 W. Depending on the distance you need to cover, and the speed at which you travel, you'll need more or less motor power.

The equivalence between the engine power of an electric car and that of a combustion engine car is calculated using the following formula:

1 kiloWatt (kW) = 1.341 horsepower (hp)

Ex: I own an electric car with a power rating of 68 kW. Equivalent horsepower = 68 x 1.341 = 91 hp

2ᵉ step: battery capacity - kWh

The main difference between an electric vehicle and a combustion engine is the battery. This is a central element in the choice of an electric vehicle. Battery capacity is the amount of energy the vehicle's battery can deliver after a full charge. It is expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This concept will be useful for the energy consumption below.

3ᵉ step: consumption - kWh/100 km

Unlike an internal combustion engine, an electric car consumes much less fuel in town.

While a diesel vehicle consumes an average of 6 L/100 km and a petrol vehicle 7.3 L /100 km, an electric car consumes an average of 15 kW /100 km.

The equivalence between the consumption of an electric car and that of a petrol-engined car is: 1 L/100 km = 9.85 kWh/100 km

Example: I have a vehicle with a consumption of 15 kW/100 km.
Equivalent electric car consumption = 15/ 9.85

= 1.5 L/ 100 km

Would you like to install a charging station?

4ᵉ stage - Battery autonomy - km

Range is the distance the battery allows the car to cover. It is expressed in km. It depends on various factors: outside temperature, heating use, driving profile, route profile. For an electric car, the range is :

Operating time = Battery capacity / Power consumption

Example: Let's take a vehicle with a 41 kWh battery and consumption of 15 kW/100 km. Range = (41 x 100) / 15

= 273 km

5ᵉ step - Price for full recharge

The price of a full tank depends on the price of electricity you buy from your supplier and the capacity of your battery:

Price of a full tank = Price of electricity x Battery capacity

Ex: For a vehicle with a 41 kWh battery and an average electricity price of €0.136/kWh (off-peak: €0.125/kWh; peak: €0.146/kWh). The price of a full tank is :

Price of a full tank = Price of electricity x Battery capacity

0.136 x 41 = 5.57 €

This example should be put into perspective, as most electric car owners recharge at night to save on the cost of their charge.

Did you know that? By way of comparison, the cost of filling up a gasoline-powered vehicle to travel 273 km would be €30. The cost offilling upan electric car is less than €6, i.e. 5 times cheaper.

 Would you like to switch to an electric car? Beev offers multi-brand 100% electric vehicles at the best prices, as well as recharging solutions. Beev can help you with your entire project, from finding the right vehicle to installing charging stations. Contact us to find out more.

Picture of Ilona Soulage
Ilona Soulage

Let's enter the world of electric vehicles and charging stations together. Passionate about innovation, I'm here to help you make the transition to a greener world.

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